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Fantasy OR: Sangraal (CP and MIP models)

Description
The Sangraal problem is an example of a mathematical problem embedded in a computer fantasy game. The description of the problem and the mathematical model introduced below draw on a publication by M.Chlond: M.J. Chlond, Fantasy OR, INFORMS Transactions on Education, Vol. 4, No. 3, 2004. http://ite.pubs.informs.org/Vol4No3/Chlond/

When the Sangraal (Holy Grail) is almost won the hero arrives at a castle where he finds 8 imprisoned knights. He is facing the task to bring the largest possible number of knights for the arrival of the Sangraal in twenty minutes' time. The time required for freeing a knight depends on his state of binding. A freed knight then needs a given amount of time to wash and recover himself physically. For every knight, the durations of freeing and preparing are given.

The problem of deciding in which order to free the knights is a standard scheduling problem, or to be more precise the problem of sequencing a set of disjunctive tasks. Typical objective functions in scheduling are to minimize the completion time of the last task (the so-called makespan) or the average completion time of all tasks. The objective to maximize the number of knights who are ready by a given time makes the problem slightly more challenging since we need to introduce additional variables for counting the knights who are ready on time.
  • The MIP model (sangraal.mos) defines binary decision variables x(k,j) indicating whether knight k is the j'th knight to be freed. A formulation alternative uses indicator constraints (sangraalind.mos).
  • The CP model (sangraal_ka.mos or sangraal2_ka.mos) uses the notion of `tasks' with fixed durations and variable start times. These tasks need to be scheduled subject to precedence relations (freeing before preparing) and the disjunctive use of a resource (the hero's time).

sangraal.zip[download all files]

Source Files
By clicking on a file name, a preview is opened at the bottom of this page.
sangraal.mos[download]
sangraal_graph.mos[download]
sangraalind.mos[download]
sangraal_ka.mos[download]
sangraal2_ka.mos[download]




sangraal.mos

(!******************************************************
   Mosel Example Problems
   ====================== 

   file sangraal.mos 
   `````````````````
   Sangraal problem.

   When the Sangraal (Holy Grail) is almost won the hero arrives 
   at a castle where he finds 8 imprisoned knights. He is facing 
   the task to bring the largest possible number of knights for 
   the arrival of the Sangraal in twenty minutes' time. The time 
   required for freeing a knight depends on his state of binding. 
   A freed knight then needs a given amount of time to wash and 
   recover himself physically.

   Description and original model by M. Chlond:
   https://doi.org/10.1287/ited.4.3.66
    
   (c) 2008 Fair Isaac Corporation
       author: S. Heipcke, 2005, rev. Mar. 2022
*******************************************************!)

model Sangraal
 uses "mmxprs", "mmjobs"
  
 forward procedure print_solution

 declarations
  KNIGHTS = {"Agravain", "Bors", "Caradoc", "Dagonet", "Ector", "Feirefiz", 
             "Gareth", "Harry"}
  K = 8
  POS = 1..K
  FREE: array(KNIGHTS) of real   ! Time to free each knight
  PREP: array(KNIGHTS) of real   ! Time to prepare each knight
  x: array(KNIGHTS,POS) of mpvar ! x(k,j)=1 if knight k in position j,
                                 ! 0 otherwise
  ontime: array(POS) of mpvar    ! ontime(j)=1 if position j finished within
                                 ! 20 minutes, 0 otherwise
  ready: array(POS) of mpvar     ! Finish time for each position

  SOLFOUND = 2                   ! Solution found event
  pos: array(KNIGHTS) of integer ! Position of knight
 end-declarations
 
 FREE("Agravain"):=1;  PREP("Agravain"):=15
 FREE("Bors")    :=1;  PREP("Bors")    := 5
 FREE("Caradoc") :=2;  PREP("Caradoc") :=15
 FREE("Dagonet") :=2;  PREP("Dagonet") := 5
 FREE("Ector")   :=3;  PREP("Ector")   :=10
 FREE("Feirefiz"):=4;  PREP("Feirefiz"):=15
 FREE("Gareth")  :=5;  PREP("Gareth")  :=10
 FREE("Harry")   :=6;  PREP("Harry")   := 5

 MAXT:= sum(k in KNIGHTS) FREE(k) + max(k in KNIGHTS) PREP(k)
 MINT:= min(k in KNIGHTS) (PREP(k) + FREE(k))

 forall(k in KNIGHTS, j in POS) x(k,j) is_binary
 forall(j in POS) ontime(j) is_binary
   
 ! Maximize number of positions finished within 20 minutes
 TotalFreed := sum(j in POS) ontime(j)
  
 ! Each knight in one position
 forall(k in KNIGHTS) sum(j in POS) x(k,j) = 1     
  
 ! Each position has one knight
 forall(j in POS) sum(k in KNIGHTS) x(k,j) = 1 

 ! Compute finish time for each position
 forall(j in POS)
  sum(k in KNIGHTS,l in 1..j-1) FREE(k)*x(k,l) + 
  sum(k in KNIGHTS) (FREE(k)+PREP(k))*x(k,j) = ready(j)

 ! ontime(j) = 1 if knight in position j is freed and prepared within 20 min.
 forall(j in POS) do
  ready(j) >= 21-(21-MINT)*ontime(j)
  ready(j) <= MAXT-(MAXT-20)*ontime(j)
 end-do
 
! setparam("XPRS_VERBOSE", true)

! setparam("XPRS_HEUREMPHASIS", 0)
! setparam("XPRS_CUTSTRATEGY", 0)
! setparam("XPRS_PRESOLVE", 0)
 
 setcallback(XPRS_CB_INTSOL,->print_solution)
 maximize(TotalFreed)

!********************************************************************

 procedure print_solution
  obj:=getparam("XPRS_LPOBJVAL")
  writeln("Number of knights freed on time: ", obj)
  writeln("Knight   Position  Ready  <=20 min")
  forall(k in KNIGHTS) do
   pos(k):=round(getsol(sum(j in POS) j*x(k,j)))
   writeln(strfmt(k,-12), pos(k), "       ", strfmt(getsol(ready(pos(k))),2),
           "       ", if(getsol(ontime(pos(k)))=1,"yes","no"))
  end-do
 end-procedure
     
end-model
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