(!*********************************************************************
   Mosel Example Problems
   ====================== 

   file binpacking.mos
   ```````````````````
   TYPE:         Bin packing problem
   DIFFICULTY:   2
   FEATURES:     simple MIP problem, random generation of data,
                 use of model parameters, setting Optimizer controls
   DESCRIPTION:  A number of items of different sizes are to be put
                 into bins of different capacities. Item sizes and bin 
                 capacities are randomly generated integers that lie in 
                 the given intervals. We wish to minimize the total
                 number of bins used.
   FURTHER INFO: Similar problem:
                 `Applications of optimization with Xpress-MP', 
                 Section 9.4 `Backing up files'
   
   (c) 2008 Fair Isaac Corporation
       Creation: Feb. 2004, rev. Sep. 2017
**********************************************************************!)

model Binpacking
 options noimplicit
 uses "mmxprs", "mmsvg"

 parameters
  NITEMS = 20                             ! Number of items
  NBINS = 11                              ! Number of bins
  MinSize = 20                            ! Min. size of items
  MaxSize = 39                            ! Max. size of items
  MinCapacity = 40                        ! Min. capacity of bins
  MaxCapacity = 89                        ! Max. capacity of bins
 end-parameters

(! To obtain a hard instance:
 NITEMS = 50
 NBINS = 30
!)
 
 declarations
  ITEMS = 1..NITEMS                       ! Items
  BINS = 1..NBINS                         ! Bins
  SIZE: array(ITEMS) of integer           ! Sizes of items
  TOTALSIZE: integer                      ! Total size of items
  CAP: array(BINS) of integer             ! Bin capacities
 
  contains: array(BINS,ITEMS) of mpvar    ! 1 if item in bin, 0 otherwise
  binused: array(BINS) of mpvar           ! 1 if bin used, 0 otherwise
 
  BinCapacity: array(BINS) of linctr
  ItemInOneBinOnly: array(ITEMS) of linctr
  PackAll, BinsUsed: linctr
 end-declarations

! Initialize random number generator with a fixed value to reproduce
! always the same sequence of numbers. Comment this line to generate a
! different sequence of numbers at every execution.
 setrandseed(2)

! Generate random bin capacities in the interval [MinCapacity,MaxCapacity]
 forall(b in BINS)
  CAP(b):= MinCapacity+round(random*(MaxCapacity+1-MinCapacity) - 0.5)

! Generate random item sizes in the interval [MinSize,MaxSize]
 TOTALSIZE:=0
 forall(i in ITEMS) do
  SIZE(i):= MinSize+round(random*(MaxSize+1-MinSize) - 0.5)
  TOTALSIZE+=SIZE(i)
 end-do
 
! Binary variables
 forall(b in BINS,i in ITEMS) contains(b,i) is_binary
 forall(b in BINS) binused(b) is_binary
 
! Each item can go in at most one bin
 forall(i in ITEMS)
  ItemInOneBinOnly(i):= sum(b in BINS) contains(b,i) <= 1 

! Ensure bin capacity is not exceeded
 forall(b in BINS)
  BinCapacity(b):= sum(i in ITEMS) contains(b,i)*SIZE(i) <= CAP(b) * binused(b)
 
! Pack all items
 PackAll:= sum(b in BINS,i in ITEMS) contains(b,i) = NITEMS

! Objective function: number of bins used
 BinsUsed:=sum(b in BINS) binused(b)

! We can infer this lower bound on the objective function
! LowerLimit:= BinsUsed>= round(TOTALSIZE/MaxCapacity)

! Setting parameters for Xpress Optimizer
! setparam("xprs_verbose",true)          ! Display Optimizer log
 setparam("xprs_cutstrategy",3)         ! Use aggressive cut strategy

! Solve the problem
 minimize(BinsUsed) 
 
! Solution printing
 writeln("Total number of bins used: ", getobjval)
 forall(b in BINS) do
  write("Bin ", b, "(", CAP(b), "): ")
  forall(i in ITEMS)
   write( if(getsol(contains(b,i))>0, string(i)+"("+SIZE(i)+") ", ""))
  writeln
 end-do 

! Draw the solution
 declarations
   lev: integer
 end-declarations

 svgsetgraphviewbox(0,0,2*ceil(getobjval)+1, max(b in BINS)CAP(b)+10)
 svgsetgraphscale(2)
 svgsetgraphlabels("Bins", "Size")
 svgaddgroup("Cap", "Bin capacity", SVG_RED)
 forall(b in BINS) do
  svgaddline("Cap", 2*b-0.5, CAP(b)+0.2, 2*b+1.5, CAP(b)+0.2)
  lev:=0
  forall(i in ITEMS | getsol(contains(b,i))>0) do
   svgaddgroup("I"+i, "Item "+i)
   svgsetstyle(SVG_FILL,SVG_CURRENT)
   svgaddrectangle(2*b, lev, 1, SIZE(i))
   lev+=SIZE(i)
  end-do
 end-do 

 svgsave("binpack.svg")
 svgrefresh
 svgwaitclose("Close browser window to terminate model execution.", 1)
end-model